{"id":971,"date":"2010-01-14T14:58:33","date_gmt":"2010-01-14T13:58:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lumen.nu\/rekveld\/wp\/?p=971"},"modified":"2019-08-24T21:11:24","modified_gmt":"2019-08-24T20:11:24","slug":"trajectories-and-landscapes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/?p=971","title":{"rendered":"trajectories and landscapes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"image969\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/dens3_01.jpg\" alt=\"dens3_01.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ok, this will be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/wp\/?p=963\">another<\/a> nerdy post, thinking out loud about my explorations of evolutionary algorithms and Kauffman-inspired networks of pixels.<br \/>\nI have been doing plenty of experiments, at first tweaking the ways I do selection and mutation. I get the best results using some kind of <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simulated_annealing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annealing<\/a>: I am decreasing the size and frequency of mutations during the run. In this way it explores a larger territory in the beginning and doesn&#8217;t get knocked off fitness peaks higher on. Also I am using a weird selection scheme I (re-?)invented: I use <a href=\"http:\/\/www.geatbx.com\/docu\/algindex-02.html#P244_16021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linear ranking<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stochastic_universal_sampling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stochastic universal sampling<\/a>, but as the run progresses I increase the &#8216;elitism&#8217;. It starts with an elitism of one, and at the end of the run what happens boils down to truncation. This gives the best results I&#8217;ve had so far; it makes sure that the population doesn&#8217;t converge too quickly (which is the problem of truncation) and it also makes sure lucky accidents are kept (which is frustrating about stochastic universal sampling). I am very much aware that I am half-informed, that there is a whole field of theory here and that I&#8217;m probably mixing things up terribly, but it works, and at this time I&#8217;d rather do something than read general books in preparation&#8230;<br \/>\nRelated to this I&#8217;ve been thinking about the carpet-plots I make of my evolution runs and what they say about the shape of the fitness-landscape. The first plot above looks very healthy. The second plot, just below here, is of an unfinished run using the same scheme but on a much bigger network. It shows that most mutants are much less fit, so the fitness peaks must be a lot steeper. The third plot shows a run of a much bigger network, starting from a tiling of a small network with high fitness. It shows that there is hardly any improvement during the run, but I don&#8217;t understand why the mutants still look relatively fit too. And the last plot is great: i&#8217;ve started trying things with networks that are much more sparse and the results are weird. It looks as if it is ascending a steep and isolated peak, and both runs I&#8217;ve done so far show the same plateau at the end of the run. The fittest results are creepy-looking, small networks living in a total void of disconnected, &#8216;dead&#8217; pixels.<br \/>\nAnd just at the moment I was starting to wonder how to scale my experiments to much larger networks, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiance-online.org\/radiance-workshop7\/Content\/Feringa\/Jelle.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jelle Feringa<\/a> pointed me to the great writings of <a href=\"http:\/\/ti.arc.nasa.gov\/profile\/hornby\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Greg Hornby<\/a>, who I only knew from his <a href=\"http:\/\/ti.arc.nasa.gov\/projects\/esg\/research\/antenna.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">evolved antenna<\/a> project. I&#8217;ve been reading some papers by Peter Bentley <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/wp\/?p=824\">before<\/a> about the same topic, so I was thinking of evolving a &#8216;weaver&#8217; of networks rather than the networks themselves. Hornby is very precise about what &#8216;generative representations&#8217; are, so that is great. Some of his recent<a href=\"http:\/\/ti.arc.nasa.gov\/search-publications\/?access=p&amp;entqr=0&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;btnG=Google+Search&amp;client=ti&amp;q=Hornby&amp;ud=1&amp;site=ti-publications&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;proxystylesheet=ti&amp;ip=128.102.105.66&amp;proxyreload=1&amp;sort=date%3AD%3AS%3Ad1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> papers<\/a> are great <a href=\"http:\/\/ti.arc.nasa.gov\/m\/pub\/1175h\/1175%20(Hornby).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">introductions<\/a>, but he most detailed source of information still is his PhD <a href=\"http:\/\/www.demo.cs.brandeis.edu\/papers\/long.html#hornby_phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">thesis<\/a>.<br \/>\nThanks Jelle !<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"image967\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/bigger1unfin.jpg\" alt=\"bigger1unfin.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"image970\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/tiling01.jpg\" alt=\"tiling01.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"image968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/dens2_01.jpg\" alt=\"dens2_01.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ok, this will be another nerdy post, thinking out loud about my explorations of evolutionary algorithms and Kauffman-inspired networks of pixels. I have been doing plenty of experiments, at first tweaking the ways I do selection and mutation. I get the best results using some kind of annealing: I am decreasing the size and frequency &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/?p=971\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">trajectories and landscapes<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":969,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-work"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=971"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2472,"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971\/revisions\/2472"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.joostrekveld.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}